/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.lucene.codecs.memory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.BlockTermState;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.CodecUtil;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.FieldsConsumer;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.NormsProducer;
import org.apache.lucene.codecs.PostingsWriterBase;
import org.apache.lucene.index.FieldInfo;
import org.apache.lucene.index.FieldInfos;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Fields;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexFileNames;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexOptions;
import org.apache.lucene.index.SegmentWriteState;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Terms;
import org.apache.lucene.index.TermsEnum;
import org.apache.lucene.store.ByteBuffersDataOutput;
import org.apache.lucene.store.DataOutput;
import org.apache.lucene.store.IndexOutput;
import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
import org.apache.lucene.util.FixedBitSet;
import org.apache.lucene.util.IOUtils;
import org.apache.lucene.util.IntsRefBuilder;
import org.apache.lucene.util.fst.FST;
import org.apache.lucene.util.fst.FSTCompiler;
import org.apache.lucene.util.fst.Util;

/**
 * FST-based term dict, using metadata as FST output.
 *
 * <p>The FST directly holds the mapping between &lt;term, metadata&gt;.
 *
 * <p>Term metadata consists of three parts: 1. term statistics: docFreq, totalTermFreq; 2.
 * monotonic long[], e.g. the pointer to the postings list for that term; 3. generic byte[], e.g.
 * other information need by postings reader.
 *
 * <p>File:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li><code>.tst</code>: <a href="#Termdictionary">Term Dictionary</a>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p><a id="Termdictionary"></a>
 *
 * <h2>Term Dictionary</h2>
 *
 * <p>The .tst contains a list of FSTs, one for each field. The FST maps a term to its corresponding
 * statistics (e.g. docfreq) and metadata (e.g. information for postings list reader like file
 * pointer to postings list).
 *
 * <p>Typically the metadata is separated into two parts:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Monotonical long array: Some metadata will always be ascending in order with the
 *       corresponding term. This part is used by FST to share outputs between arcs.
 *   <li>Generic byte array: Used to store non-monotonic metadata.
 * </ul>
 *
 * File format:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>TermsDict(.tst) --&gt; Header, <i>PostingsHeader</i>, FieldSummary, DirOffset
 *   <li>FieldSummary --&gt; NumFields, &lt;FieldNumber, NumTerms, SumTotalTermFreq?, SumDocFreq,
 *       DocCount, LongsSize, TermFST &gt;<sup>NumFields</sup>
 *   <li>TermFST --&gt; {@link FST FST&lt;TermData&gt;}
 *   <li>TermData --&gt; Flag, BytesSize?, LongDelta<sup>LongsSize</sup>?,
 *       Byte<sup>BytesSize</sup>?, &lt; DocFreq[Same?], (TotalTermFreq-DocFreq) &gt; ?
 *   <li>Header --&gt; {@link CodecUtil#writeIndexHeader IndexHeader}
 *   <li>DirOffset --&gt; {@link DataOutput#writeLong Uint64}
 *   <li>DocFreq, LongsSize, BytesSize, NumFields, FieldNumber, DocCount --&gt; {@link
 *       DataOutput#writeVInt VInt}
 *   <li>TotalTermFreq, NumTerms, SumTotalTermFreq, SumDocFreq, LongDelta --&gt; {@link
 *       DataOutput#writeVLong VLong}
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Notes:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>The format of PostingsHeader and generic meta bytes are customized by the specific postings
 *       implementation: they contain arbitrary per-file data (such as parameters or versioning
 *       information), and per-term data (non-monotonic ones like pulsed postings data).
 *   <li>The format of TermData is determined by FST, typically monotonic metadata will be dense
 *       around shallow arcs, while in deeper arcs only generic bytes and term statistics exist.
 *   <li>The byte Flag is used to indicate which part of metadata exists on current arc. Specially
 *       the monotonic part is omitted when it is an array of 0s.
 *   <li>Since LongsSize is per-field fixed, it is only written once in field summary.
 * </ul>
 *
 * @lucene.experimental
 */
public class FSTTermsWriter extends FieldsConsumer {
  static final String TERMS_EXTENSION = "tfp";
  static final String TERMS_CODEC_NAME = "FSTTerms";
  public static final int TERMS_VERSION_START = 2;
  public static final int TERMS_VERSION_CURRENT = TERMS_VERSION_START;

  final PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter;
  final FieldInfos fieldInfos;
  IndexOutput out;
  final int maxDoc;
  final List<FieldMetaData> fields = new ArrayList<>();

  public FSTTermsWriter(SegmentWriteState state, PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter)
      throws IOException {
    final String termsFileName =
        IndexFileNames.segmentFileName(
            state.segmentInfo.name, state.segmentSuffix, TERMS_EXTENSION);

    this.postingsWriter = postingsWriter;
    this.fieldInfos = state.fieldInfos;
    this.out = state.directory.createOutput(termsFileName, state.context);
    this.maxDoc = state.segmentInfo.maxDoc();

    boolean success = false;
    try {
      CodecUtil.writeIndexHeader(
          out,
          TERMS_CODEC_NAME,
          TERMS_VERSION_CURRENT,
          state.segmentInfo.getId(),
          state.segmentSuffix);

      this.postingsWriter.init(out, state);
      success = true;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        IOUtils.closeWhileHandlingException(out);
      }
    }
  }

  private void writeTrailer(IndexOutput out, long dirStart) throws IOException {
    out.writeLong(dirStart);
  }

  @Override
  public void write(Fields fields, NormsProducer norms) throws IOException {
    for (String field : fields) {
      Terms terms = fields.terms(field);
      if (terms == null) {
        continue;
      }
      FieldInfo fieldInfo = fieldInfos.fieldInfo(field);
      boolean hasFreq = fieldInfo.getIndexOptions().subsumes(IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS);
      TermsEnum termsEnum = terms.iterator();
      TermsWriter termsWriter = new TermsWriter(fieldInfo);

      long sumTotalTermFreq = 0;
      long sumDocFreq = 0;
      FixedBitSet docsSeen = new FixedBitSet(maxDoc);

      while (true) {
        BytesRef term = termsEnum.next();
        if (term == null) {
          break;
        }

        BlockTermState termState = postingsWriter.writeTerm(term, termsEnum, docsSeen, norms);
        if (termState != null) {
          termsWriter.finishTerm(term, termState);
          sumTotalTermFreq += termState.totalTermFreq;
          sumDocFreq += termState.docFreq;
        }
      }

      termsWriter.finish(hasFreq ? sumTotalTermFreq : -1, sumDocFreq, docsSeen.cardinality());
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void close() throws IOException {
    if (out != null) {
      boolean success = false;
      try {
        // write field summary
        final long dirStart = out.getFilePointer();

        out.writeVInt(fields.size());
        for (FieldMetaData field : fields) {
          out.writeVInt(field.fieldInfo.number);
          out.writeVLong(field.numTerms);
          if (field.fieldInfo.getIndexOptions() != IndexOptions.DOCS) {
            out.writeVLong(field.sumTotalTermFreq);
          }
          out.writeVLong(field.sumDocFreq);
          out.writeVInt(field.docCount);
          field.dict.save(out, out);
        }
        writeTrailer(out, dirStart);
        CodecUtil.writeFooter(out);
        success = true;
      } finally {
        if (success) {
          IOUtils.close(out, postingsWriter);
        } else {
          IOUtils.closeWhileHandlingException(out, postingsWriter);
        }
        out = null;
      }
    }
  }

  private static class FieldMetaData {
    public final FieldInfo fieldInfo;
    public final long numTerms;
    public final long sumTotalTermFreq;
    public final long sumDocFreq;
    public final int docCount;
    public final FST<FSTTermOutputs.TermData> dict;

    public FieldMetaData(
        FieldInfo fieldInfo,
        long numTerms,
        long sumTotalTermFreq,
        long sumDocFreq,
        int docCount,
        FST<FSTTermOutputs.TermData> fst) {
      this.fieldInfo = fieldInfo;
      this.numTerms = numTerms;
      this.sumTotalTermFreq = sumTotalTermFreq;
      this.sumDocFreq = sumDocFreq;
      this.docCount = docCount;
      this.dict = fst;
    }
  }

  final class TermsWriter {
    private final FSTCompiler<FSTTermOutputs.TermData> fstCompiler;
    private final FSTTermOutputs outputs;
    private final FieldInfo fieldInfo;
    private long numTerms;

    private final IntsRefBuilder scratchTerm = new IntsRefBuilder();
    private final ByteBuffersDataOutput metaWriter = ByteBuffersDataOutput.newResettableInstance();

    TermsWriter(FieldInfo fieldInfo) throws IOException {
      this.numTerms = 0;
      this.fieldInfo = fieldInfo;
      postingsWriter.setField(fieldInfo);
      this.outputs = new FSTTermOutputs(fieldInfo);
      this.fstCompiler = new FSTCompiler.Builder<>(FST.INPUT_TYPE.BYTE1, outputs).build();
    }

    public void finishTerm(BytesRef text, BlockTermState state) throws IOException {
      // write term meta data into fst
      final FSTTermOutputs.TermData meta = new FSTTermOutputs.TermData();
      meta.bytes = null;
      meta.docFreq = state.docFreq;
      meta.totalTermFreq = state.totalTermFreq;
      postingsWriter.encodeTerm(metaWriter, fieldInfo, state, true);
      if (metaWriter.size() > 0) {
        meta.bytes = metaWriter.toArrayCopy();
        metaWriter.reset();
      }
      fstCompiler.add(Util.toIntsRef(text, scratchTerm), meta);
      numTerms++;
    }

    public void finish(long sumTotalTermFreq, long sumDocFreq, int docCount) throws IOException {
      // save FST dict
      if (numTerms > 0) {
        final FST<FSTTermOutputs.TermData> fst =
            FST.fromFSTReader(fstCompiler.compile(), fstCompiler.getFSTReader());
        fields.add(
            new FieldMetaData(fieldInfo, numTerms, sumTotalTermFreq, sumDocFreq, docCount, fst));
      }
    }
  }
}
