MORE(1)                    POSIX Programmer's Manual                   MORE(1)



PROLOG
       This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The OS
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
       OS manual page for details of OS behavior), or the interface may not be
       implemented on OS.

NAME
       more -- display files on a page-by-page basis

SYNOPSIS
       more [[-ceisu]] [[-n number]] [[-p command]] [[-t tagstring]] [[file...]]

DESCRIPTION
       The more utility shall read files and either write them to the terminal
       on a page-by-page basis or filter them to standard output. If standard
       output is not a terminal device, all input files shall be copied to
       standard output in their entirety, without modification, except as
       specified for the -s option. If standard output is a terminal device,
       the files shall be written a number of lines (one screenful) at a time
       under the control of user commands. See the EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       section.

       Certain block-mode terminals do not have all the capabilities necessary
       to support the complete more definition; they are incapable of
       accepting commands that are not terminated with a <newline>.
       Implementations that support such terminals shall provide an operating
       mode to more in which all commands can be terminated with a <newline>
       on those terminals. This mode:

        *  Shall be documented in the system documentation

        *  Shall, at invocation, inform the user of the terminal deficiency
           that requires the <newline> usage and provide instructions on how
           this warning can be suppressed in future invocations

        *  Shall not be required for implementations supporting only fully
           capable terminals

        *  Shall not affect commands already requiring <newline> characters

        *  Shall not affect users on the capable terminals from using more as
           described in this volume of POSIX.1-2017

OPTIONS
       The more utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of
       POSIX.1-2017, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines, except that ''++''
       may be recognized as an option delimiter as well as ''--''.

       The following options shall be supported:

       -c        If a screen is to be written that has no lines in common with
                 the current screen, or more is writing its first screen, more
                 shall not scroll the screen, but instead shall redraw each
                 line of the screen in turn, from the top of the screen to the
                 bottom. In addition, if more is writing its first screen, the
                 screen shall be cleared. This option may be silently ignored
                 on devices with insufficient terminal capabilities.

       -e        Exit immediately after writing the last line of the last file
                 in the argument list; see the EXTENDED DESCRIPTION section.

       -i        Perform pattern matching in searches without regard to case;
                 see the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2017, Section 9.2,
                 Regular Expression General Requirements.

       -n number Specify the number of lines per screenful. The number
                 argument is a positive decimal integer. The -n option shall
                 override any values obtained from any other source.

       -p command
                 Each time a screen from a new file is displayed or
                 redisplayed (including as a result of more commands; for
                 example, ::pp), execute the more command(s) in the command
                 arguments in the order specified, as if entered by the user
                 after the first screen has been displayed. No intermediate
                 results shall be displayed (that is, if the command is a
                 movement to a screen different from the normal first screen,
                 only the screen resulting from the command shall be
                 displayed.) If any of the commands fail for any reason, an
                 informational message to this effect shall be written, and no
                 further commands specified using the -p option shall be
                 executed for this file.

       -s        Behave as if consecutive empty lines were a single empty
                 line.

       -t tagstring
                 Write the screenful of the file containing the tag named by
                 the tagstring argument. See the ctags utility. The tags
                 feature represented by -t tagstring and the :t command is
                 optional. It shall be provided on any system that also
                 provides a conforming implementation of ctags; otherwise, the
                 use of -t produces undefined results.

                 The filename resulting from the -t option shall be logically
                 added as a prefix to the list of command line files, as if
                 specified by the user. If the tag named by the tagstring
                 argument is not found, it shall be an error, and more shall
                 take no further action.

                 If the tag specifies a line number, the first line of the
                 display shall contain the beginning of that line. If the tag
                 specifies a pattern, the first line of the display shall
                 contain the beginning of the matching text from the first
                 line of the file that contains that pattern. If the line does
                 not exist in the file or matching text is not found, an
                 informational message to this effect shall be displayed, and
                 more shall display the default screen as if -t had not been
                 specified.

                 If both the -t tagstring and -p command options are given,
                 the -t tagstring shall be processed first; that is, the file
                 and starting line for the display shall be as specified by
                 -t, and then the -p more command shall be executed. If the
                 line (matching text) specified by the -t command does not
                 exist (is not found), no -p more command shall be executed
                 for this file at any time.

       -u        Treat a <backspace> as a printable control character,
                 displayed as an implementation-defined character sequence
                 (see the EXTENDED DESCRIPTION section), suppressing
                 backspacing and the special handling that produces underlined
                 or standout mode text on some terminal types.  Also, do not
                 ignore a <carriage-return> at the end of a line.

OPERANDS
       The following operand shall be supported:

       file      A pathname of an input file. If no file operands are
                 specified, the standard input shall be used. If a file is
                 ''--'', the standard input shall be read at that point in the
                 sequence.

STDIN
       The standard input shall be used only if no file operands are
       specified, or if a file operand is ''--''.

INPUT FILES
       The input files being examined shall be text files. If standard output
       is a terminal, standard error shall be used to read commands from the
       user. If standard output is a terminal, standard error is not readable,
       and command input is needed, more may attempt to obtain user commands
       from the controlling terminal (for example, /dev/tty); otherwise, more
       shall terminate with an error indicating that it was unable to read
       user commands. If standard output is not a terminal, no error shall
       result if standard error cannot be opened for reading.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of more:

       COLUMNS   Override the system-selected horizontal display line size.
                 See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2017, Chapter _8,
                 Environment Variables for valid values and results when it is
                 unset or null.

       EDITOR    Used by the vv command to select an editor. See the EXTENDED
                 DESCRIPTION section.

       LANG      Provide a default value for the internationalization
                 variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions
                 volume of POSIX.1-2017, Section 8.2, Internationalization
                 Variables for the precedence of internationalization
                 variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)

       LC__ALL    If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of
                 all the other internationalization variables.

       LC__COLLATE
                 Determine the locale for the behavior of ranges, equivalence
                 classes, and multi-character collating elements within
                 regular expressions.

       LC__CTYPE  Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of
                 bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
                 opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input
                 files) and the behavior of character classes within regular
                 expressions.

       LC__MESSAGES
                 Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format
                 and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error
                 and informative messages written to standard output.

       NLSPATH   Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing
                 of LC__MESSAGES.

       LINES     Override the system-selected vertical screen size, used as
                 the number of lines in a screenful. See the Base Definitions
                 volume of POSIX.1-2017, Chapter _8, Environment Variables for
                 valid values and results when it is unset or null. The -n
                 option shall take precedence over the LINES variable for
                 determining the number of lines in a screenful.

       MORE      Determine a string containing options described in the
                 OPTIONS section preceded with <hyphen-minus> characters and
                 <blank>-separated as on the command line. Any command line
                 options shall be processed after those in the MORE variable,
                 as if the command line were:


                     more $MORE options operands

                 The MORE variable shall take precedence over the TERM and
                 LINES variables for determining the number of lines in a
                 screenful.

       TERM      Determine the name of the terminal type. If this variable is
                 unset or null, an unspecified default terminal type is used.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       Default.

STDOUT
       The standard output shall be used to write the contents of the input
       files.

STDERR
       The standard error shall be used for diagnostic messages and user
       commands (see the INPUT FILES section), and, if standard output is a
       terminal device, to write a prompting string. The prompting string
       shall appear on the screen line below the last line of the file
       displayed in the current screenful. The prompt shall contain the name
       of the file currently being examined and shall contain an end-of-file
       indication and the name of the next file, if any, when prompting at the
       end-of-file. If an error or informational message is displayed, it is
       unspecified whether it is contained in the prompt. If it is not
       contained in the prompt, it shall be displayed and then the user shall
       be prompted for a continuation character, at which point another
       message or the user prompt may be displayed. The prompt is otherwise
       unspecified. It is unspecified whether informational messages are
       written for other user commands.

OUTPUT FILES
       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       The following section describes the behavior of more when the standard
       output is a terminal device. If the standard output is not a terminal
       device, no options other than -s shall have any effect, and all input
       files shall be copied to standard output otherwise unmodified, at which
       time more shall exit without further action.

       The number of lines available per screen shall be determined by the -n
       option, if present, or by examining values in the environment (see the
       ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section). If neither method yields a number, an
       unspecified number of lines shall be used.

       The maximum number of lines written shall be one less than this number,
       because the screen line after the last line written shall be used to
       write a user prompt and user input. If the number of lines in the
       screen is less than two, the results are undefined. It is unspecified
       whether user input is permitted to be longer than the remainder of the
       single line where the prompt has been written.

       The number of columns available per line shall be determined by
       examining values in the environment (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       section), with a default value as described in the Base Definitions
       volume of POSIX.1-2017, Chapter _8, Environment Variables.

       Lines that are longer than the display shall be folded; the length at
       which folding occurs is unspecified, but should be appropriate for the
       output device. Folding may occur between glyphs of single characters
       that take up multiple display columns.

       When standard output is a terminal and -u is not specified, more shall
       treat <backspace> and <carriage-return> characters specially:

        *  A character, followed first by a sequence of _n <backspace>
           characters (where _n is the same as the number of column positions
           that the character occupies), then by _n <underscore> characters
           (''__''), shall cause that character to be written as underlined text,
           if the terminal type supports that. The _n <underscore> characters,
           followed first by _n <backspace> characters, then any character with
           _n column positions, shall also cause that character to be written
           as underlined text, if the terminal type supports that.

        *  A sequence of _n <backspace> characters (where _n is the same as the
           number of column positions that the previous character occupies)
           that appears between two identical printable characters shall cause
           the first of those two characters to be written as emboldened text
           (that is, visually brighter, standout mode, or inverse-video mode),
           if the terminal type supports that, and the second to be discarded.
           Immediately subsequent occurrences of <backspace>/character pairs
           for that same character shall also be discarded. (For example, the
           sequence "a\ba\ba\ba" is interpreted as a single emboldened 'a'.)

        *  The more utility shall logically discard all other <backspace>
           characters from the line as well as the character which precedes
           them, if any.

        *  A <carriage-return> at the end of a line shall be ignored, rather
           than being written as a non-printable character, as described in
           the next paragraph.

       It is implementation-defined how other non-printable characters are
       written. Implementations should use the same format that they use for
       the ex print command; see the OPTIONS section within the ed utility. It
       is unspecified whether a multi-column character shall be separated if
       it crosses a display line boundary; it shall not be discarded. The
       behavior is unspecified if the number of columns on the display is less
       than the number of columns any single character in the line being
       displayed would occupy.

       When each new file is displayed (or redisplayed), more shall write the
       first screen of the file. Once the initial screen has been written,
       more shall prompt for a user command. If the execution of the user
       command results in a screen that has lines in common with the current
       screen, and the device has sufficient terminal capabilities, more shall
       scroll the screen; otherwise, it is unspecified whether the screen is
       scrolled or redrawn.

       For all files but the last (including standard input if no file was
       specified, and for the last file as well, if the -e option was not
       specified), when more has written the last line in the file, more shall
       prompt for a user command. This prompt shall contain the name of the
       next file as well as an indication that more has reached end-of-file.
       If the user command is ff, <control>-F, <space>, jj, <newline>, dd,
       <control>-D, or ss, more shall display the next file. Otherwise, if
       displaying the last file, more shall exit. Otherwise, more shall
       execute the user command specified.

       Several of the commands described in this section display a previous
       screen from the input stream. In the case that text is being taken from
       a non-rewindable stream, such as a pipe, it is implementation-defined
       how much backwards motion is supported. If a command cannot be executed
       because of a limitation on backwards motion, an error message to this
       effect shall be displayed, the current screen shall not change, and the
       user shall be prompted for another command.

       If a command cannot be performed because there are insufficient lines
       to display, more shall alert the terminal. If a command cannot be
       performed because there are insufficient lines to display or a //
       command fails: if the input is the standard input, the last screen in
       the file may be displayed; otherwise, the current file and screen shall
       not change, and the user shall be prompted for another command.

       The interactive commands in the following sections shall be supported.
       Some commands can be preceded by a decimal integer, called count in the
       following descriptions. If not specified with the command, count shall
       default to 1. In the following descriptions, pattern is a basic regular
       expression, as described in the Base Definitions volume of
       POSIX.1-2017, Section 9.3, Basic Regular Expressions.  The term
       ``examine'' is historical usage meaning ``open the file for viewing'';
       for example, more foo would be expressed as examining file foo.

       In the following descriptions, unless otherwise specified, line is a
       line in the more display, not a line from the file being examined.

       In the following descriptions, the current position refers to two
       things:

        1. The position of the current line on the screen

        2. The line number (in the file) of the current line on the screen

       Usually, the line on the screen corresponding to the current position
       is the third line on the screen. If this is not possible (there are
       fewer than three lines to display or this is the first page of the
       file, or it is the last page of the file), then the current position is
       either the first or last line on the screen as described later.

   Help
       Synopsis:

                     h

       Write a summary of these commands and other implementation-defined
       commands. The behavior shall be as if the more utility were executed
       with the -e option on a file that contained the summary information.
       The user shall be prompted as described earlier in this section when
       end-of-file is reached. If the user command is one of those specified
       to continue to the next file, more shall return to the file and screen
       state from which the hh command was executed.

   Scroll Forward One Screenful
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]f
                     [[count]]<control>-F

       Scroll forward count lines, with a default of one screenful. If count
       is more than the screen size, only the final screenful shall be
       written.

   Scroll Backward One Screenful
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]b
                     [[count]]<control>-B

       Scroll backward count lines, with a default of one screenful (see the
       -n option). If count is more than the screen size, only the final
       screenful shall be written.

   Scroll Forward One Line
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]<space>
                     [[count]]j
                     [[count]]<newline>

       Scroll forward count lines. The default count for the <space> shall be
       one screenful; for jj and <newline>, one line. The entire count lines
       shall be written, even if count is more than the screen size.

   Scroll Backward One Line
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]k

       Scroll backward count lines. The entire count lines shall be written,
       even if count is more than the screen size.

   Scroll Forward One Half Screenful
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]d
                     [[count]]<control>-D

       Scroll forward count lines, with a default of one half of the screen
       size. If count is specified, it shall become the new default for
       subsequent dd, <control>-D, and uu commands.

   Skip Forward One Line
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]s

       Display the screenful beginning with the line count lines after the
       last line on the current screen. If count would cause the current
       position to be such that less than one screenful would be written, the
       last screenful in the file shall be written.

   Scroll Backward One Half Screenful
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]u
                     [[count]]<control>-U

       Scroll backward count lines, with a default of one half of the screen
       size. If count is specified, it shall become the new default for
       subsequent dd, <control>-D, uu, and <control>-U commands. The entire
       count lines shall be written, even if count is more than the screen
       size.

   Go to Beginning of File
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]g

       Display the screenful beginning with line count.

   Go to End-of-File
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]G

       If count is specified, display the screenful beginning with the line
       count.  Otherwise, display the last screenful of the file.

   Refresh the Screen
       Synopsis:

                     r
                     <control>-L

       Refresh the screen.

   Discard and Refresh
       Synopsis:

                     R

       Refresh the screen, discarding any buffered input. If the current file
       is non-seekable, buffered input shall not be discarded and the RR
       command shall be equivalent to the rr command.

   Mark Position
       Synopsis:

                     m_l_e_t_t_e_r

       Mark the current position with the letter named by letter, where letter
       represents the name of one of the lowercase letters of the portable
       character set. When a new file is examined, all marks may be lost.

   Return to Mark
       Synopsis:

                     'letter

       Return to the position that was previously marked with the letter named
       by letter, making that line the current position.

   Return to Previous Position
       Synopsis:

                     ''

       Return to the position from which the last large movement command was
       executed (where a ``large movement'' is defined as any movement of more
       than a screenful of lines). If no such movements have been made, return
       to the beginning of the file.

   Search Forward for Pattern
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]/[[!]]pattern<newline>

       Display the screenful beginning with the countth line containing the
       pattern. The search shall start after the first line currently
       displayed. The null regular expression (''//'' followed by a <newline>)
       shall repeat the search using the previous regular expression, with a
       default count.  If the character ''!!''  is included, the matching lines
       shall be those that do not contain the pattern.  If no match is found
       for the pattern, a message to that effect shall be displayed.

   Search Backward for Pattern
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]?[[!]]pattern<newline>

       Display the screenful beginning with the countth previous line
       containing the pattern. The search shall start on the last line before
       the first line currently displayed. The null regular expression (''??''
       followed by a <newline>) shall repeat the search using the previous
       regular expression, with a default count.  If the character ''!!''  is
       included, matching lines shall be those that do not contain the
       pattern.  If no match is found for the pattern, a message to that
       effect shall be displayed.

   Repeat Search
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]n

       Repeat the previous search for countth line containing the last pattern
       (or not containing the last pattern, if the previous search was ""//!!"" or
       ""??!!"").

   Repeat Search in Reverse
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]N

       Repeat the search in the opposite direction of the previous search for
       the countth line containing the last pattern (or not containing the
       last pattern, if the previous search was ""//!!"" or ""??!!"").

   Examine New File
       Synopsis:

                     :e [[filename]]<newline>

       Examine a new file. If the filename argument is not specified, the
       current file (see the :n and :p commands below) shall be re-examined.
       The filename shall be subjected to the process of shell word expansions
       (see Section 2.6, Word Expansions); if more than a single pathname
       results, the effects are unspecified.  If filename is a <number-sign>
       (''##''), the previously examined file shall be re-examined. If filename
       is not accessible for any reason (including that it is a non-seekable
       file), an error message to this effect shall be displayed and the
       current file and screen shall not change.

   Examine Next File
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]:n

       Examine the next file. If a number count is specified, the countth next
       file shall be examined. If filename refers to a non-seekable file, the
       results are unspecified.

   Examine Previous File
       Synopsis:

                     [[count]]:p

       Examine the previous file. If a number count is specified, the countth
       previous file shall be examined. If filename refers to a non-seekable
       file, the results are unspecified.

   Go to Tag
       Synopsis:

                     :t tagstring<newline>

       If the file containing the tag named by the tagstring argument is not
       the current file, examine the file, as if the :e command was executed
       with that file as the argument. Otherwise, or in addition, display the
       screenful beginning with the tag, as described for the -t option (see
       the OPTIONS section). If the ctags utility is not supported by the
       system, the use of :t produces undefined results.

   Invoke Editor
       Synopsis:

                     v

       Invoke an editor to edit the current file being examined. If standard
       input is being examined, the results are unspecified. The name of the
       editor shall be taken from the environment variable EDITOR, or shall
       default to vi.  If the last pathname component in EDITOR is either vi
       or ex, the editor shall be invoked with a -c linenumber command line
       argument, where linenumber is the line number of the file line
       containing the display line currently displayed as the first line of
       the screen. It is implementation-defined whether line-setting options
       are passed to editors other than vi and ex.

       When the editor exits, more shall resume with the same file and screen
       as when the editor was invoked.

   Display Position
       Synopsis:

                     =
                     <control>-G

       Write a message for which the information references the first byte of
       the line after the last line of the file on the screen. This message
       shall include the name of the file currently being examined, its number
       relative to the total number of files there are to examine, the line
       number in the file, the byte number and the total bytes in the file,
       and what percentage of the file precedes the current position. If more
       is reading from standard input, or the file is shorter than a single
       screen, the line number, the byte number, the total bytes, and the
       percentage need not be written.

   Quit
       Synopsis:

                     q
                     :q
                     ZZ

       Exit more.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values shall be returned:

        0    Successful completion.

       >0    An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       If an error is encountered accessing a file when using the :n command,
       more shall attempt to examine the next file in the argument list, but
       the final exit status shall be affected. If an error is encountered
       accessing a file via the :p command, more shall attempt to examine the
       previous file in the argument list, but the final exit status shall be
       affected. If an error is encountered accessing a file via the :e
       command, more shall remain in the current file and the final exit
       status shall not be affected.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       When the standard output is not a terminal, only the -s filter-
       modification option is effective. This is based on historical practice.
       For example, a typical implementation of man pipes its output through
       more -s to squeeze excess white space for terminal users. When man is
       piped to lp, however, it is undesirable for this squeezing to happen.

EXAMPLES
       The -p allows arbitrary commands to be executed at the start of each
       file.  Examples are:

       more -p GG file1 file2
             Examine each file starting with its last screenful.

       more -p 100 file1 file2
             Examine each file starting with line 100 in the current position
             (usually the third line, so line 98 would be the first line
             written).

       more -p /100 file1 file2
             Examine each file starting with the first line containing the
             string ""110000"" in the current position

RATIONALE
       The more utility, available in BSD and BSD-derived systems, was chosen
       as the prototype for the POSIX file display program since it is more
       widely available than either the public-domain program less or than pg,
       a pager provided in System V. The 4.4 BSD more is the model for the
       features selected; it is almost fully upwards-compatible from the 4.3
       BSD version in wide use and has become more amenable for vi users.
       Several features originally derived from various file editors, found in
       both less and pg, have been added to this volume of POSIX.1-2017 as
       they have proved extremely popular with users.

       There are inconsistencies between more and vi that result from
       historical practice. For example, the single-character commands hh, ff,
       bb, and <space> are screen movers in more, but cursor movers in vi.
       These inconsistencies were maintained because the cursor movements are
       not applicable to more and the powerful functionality achieved without
       the use of the control key justifies the differences.

       The tags interface has been included in a program that is not a text
       editor because it promotes another degree of consistent operation with
       vi.  It is conceivable that the paging environment of more would be
       superior for browsing source code files in some circumstances.

       The operating mode referred to for block-mode terminals effectively
       adds a <newline> to each Synopsis line that currently has none. So, for
       example, dd<newline> would page one screenful. The mode could be
       triggered by a command line option, environment variable, or some other
       method. The details are not imposed by this volume of POSIX.1-2017
       because there are so few systems known to support such terminals.
       Nevertheless, it was considered that all systems should be able to
       support more given the exception cited for this small community of
       terminals because, in comparison to vi, the cursor movements are few
       and the command set relatively amenable to the optional <newline>
       characters.

       Some versions of more provide a shell escaping mechanism similar to the
       ex !!  command. The standard developers did not consider that this was
       necessary in a paginator, particularly given the wide acceptance of
       multiple window terminals and job control features. (They chose to
       retain such features in the editors and mailx because the shell
       interaction also gives an opportunity to modify the editing buffer,
       which is not applicable to more.)

       The -p (position) option replaces the ++ command because of the Utility
       Syntax Guidelines. The ++command option is no longer specified by
       POSIX.1-2008 but may be present in some implementations. In early
       proposals, it took a pattern argument, but historical less provided the
       more general facility of a command. It would have been desirable to use
       the same -c as ex and vi, but the letter was already in use.

       The text stating ``from a non-rewindable stream ... implementations may
       limit the amount of backwards motion supported'' would allow an
       implementation that permitted no backwards motion beyond text already
       on the screen. It was not possible to require a minimum amount of
       backwards motion that would be effective for all conceivable device
       types. The implementation should allow the user to back up as far as
       possible, within device and reasonable memory allocation constraints.

       Historically, non-printable characters were displayed using the ARPA
       standard mappings, which are as follows:

        1. Printable characters are left alone.

        2. Control characters less than \177 are represented as followed by
           the character offset from the ''@@'' character in the ASCII map; for
           example, \007 is represented as 'G'.

        3. \177 is represented as followed by ''??''.

       The display of characters having their eighth bit set was less
       standard. Existing implementations use hex (0x00), octal (\000), and a
       meta-bit display. (The latter displayed characters with their eighth
       bit set as the two characters "M-", followed by the seven-bit display
       as described previously.) The latter probably has the best claim to
       historical practice because it was used with the -v option of 4 BSD and
       4 BSD-derived versions of the cat utility since 1980.

       No specific display format is required by POSIX.1-2008. Implementations
       are encouraged to conform to historic practice in the absence of any
       strong reason to diverge.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       Chapter _2, Shell Command Language, ctags, ed, ex, vi

       The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2017, Chapter _8, Environment
       Variables, Section 9.2, Regular Expression General Requirements,
       Section 9.3, Basic Regular Expressions, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax
       Guidelines

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology --
       Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the
       Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
       Group.  In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the
       original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The
       Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can
       be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files to man page format. To report such errors, see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .



IEEE/The Open Group                  2017                              MORE(1)
